
Af Elisa E. Criscione, studerende i Ernæring og Sundhed
Sommeren er her og temperaturen stiger. I takt med dette er der mange mennesker, som bevæger sig ud på gader og stræder. Om det er på gåben, på jernhesten eller noget helt tredje, så kan man ikke komme uden om, at godt vejr får mange mennesker udenfor. Nogle nyder solen på stenbroen, mens rigtigt mange opsøger områder med natur, parker, græsplæner, skove, strande med mere. Denne artikel vil omhandle, hvad træning i naturen kan gøre for dig i forhold til din sundhed og dit velbefindende. Er træning i uderummet at foretrække fremfor træning indenfor og hvilken indvirkning kan træning i uderummet have på mennesket?

Fordele ved at rykke motion ud i naturen
Når man siger ordet træning, tænkes ofte på noget der foregår i enten en idrætshal, fitnesscenter eller et andet lokale med træningsudstyr. Der har længe været træningsformer der benytter sig af uderummet som ex. fodbold og løb og flere er kommet til bl.a. surfing, mountainbike og andre mere plads- og fartkrævende aktiviteter. Herudover ses en tendens til at flere og flere flytter træningsaktiviteter udenfor der tidligere har været forbeholdt inde rummet. Fitnesshold på strande og parker skyder op, og udendørs træningsstationer er der kommet mange flere af.
Så hvad er egentligt fordele ved at træne i uderummet? For at anskueliggøre dette anvendes en biopsykosociale sundhedsmodel. Her ses en persons sundhedstilstand som værende afhængig af biologiske/fysiske, psykologiske og sociale faktorer. Sundhedsfordelen fremlægges derfor med udgangspunkt i det fysiologiske, psykologiske og sociale perspektiv.
På det fysiologiske aspekt er træningseffekten muligvis den samme som ved indendørs træning. Hvis man vel at mærke vælger at rykke den helt samme træning udenfor. På den måde kan man opnå helt samme fysiologiske effekt. Der er dog være mange muligheder for at bruge omgivelserne til at opnå fysiologiske forbedringer i uderummet. Som eksempel herpå kan nævnes bakkeløb, forhindringsløb over sten, træstubbe og andet ujævnt underlag, træning i sand osv. Ønsker man at træne sin balance, finder man i naturen en høj grad af uforudsigelighed både i forhold til det underlag man går på, men også i forhold til vejr og vind. Dette er markant anderledes end ved at træne balance på et træningsremedie indendørs.
Optag af D-vitamin er en anden og vigtig bivirkning ved at træne i uderummet.
Der er flere studier der dokumenterer, at ophold i uderummet har en gavnlig effekt på menneskets psyke. Både i form af nedsættelse af stress og angst, mere mental ro, overskud og energi. Dette kan forklares ud fra menneskets evolution dvs. at vi som mennesker ikke naturligt har tilpasset os til den moderne teknologiske verden der er under konstant udvikling. Derimod kender vi naturen, vi er selv natur og den omgivende natur har altid været der, og det giver os ro. Derfor giver det mening at bruge naturen også til at træne i. At træne med havudsigt eller omgivet af træer kombinerer derfor det træningsmæssige udbytte med mental afkobling
Kigges på det tredje og mere sociale aspekt, kan naturen benyttes af enhver om det er individuelt eller om man samles en flok fra arbejdet. Træning sammen i naturen handler blot om at mødes udenfor og være fælles om træningen. For mange kan det være demotiverende overhovedet at komme i gang med at motionere efter en lang arbejdsdag, så kan det sociale aspekt være en støttende faktor.
Man kan hermed tilpasse træningen akkurat som man ønsker ift. målgruppe, niveau og deltagerforudsætning. En særlig social fordel ved at mødes i naturen er at naturen kan give følelsen af at man mødes på lige fod. Man er fælles om at træne ude dvs. man har noget man er fælles om, hvad enten det regner eller solen skinner.
Samlet set kan man sige, at træning i naturen er nemt, let tilgængeligt samt relativt omkostningsfrit i forhold til at være medlem i et fitnesscenter eller i en lokal fodboldforening.

Hvad skal man overveje, når man vil træne ude?
Vælger man at rykke træningen ud i naturen, kan det være godt at overveje forholdene og udstyret en ekstra gang. Vejret kan nemt skifte, både i forhold til årstiden, men også under en træning. Dette skal man være indstillet på både, hvis man er instruktør for et hold, som deltager og som individuel motionist. Men som man siger: „Der findes intet dårligt vejr, kun dårlig påklædning”. Så vejret burde ikke være en undskyldning, selvom det kan være demotiverende, hvis der er grå skyer og regnen siler ned på fjerde time af døgnet. Omvendt vil de fleste opleve, at det er væsentligt lysere udenfor i gråvejr, end det man oplever, når man sidder inde og kigger ud ad vinduet.
Udover vejret, skal selve uderummet tages til overvejelse. Det vil sige, hvor træningen placeres. Er det på jævnt terræn såsom asfalt eller en fodboldbane? Måske er det ude i en skov eller ved stranden, hvor jorden kan være fyldt med sten, sand, grene med mere. Så overvej overfladen der hvor der trænes. Er der faldrisiko, er det meget vådt osv. Er der læ for vinden, træner man under træer der giver læ for nedbør m.m. Det er ligeledes afgørende hvilken aktivitet, man laver. For de fleste vil det være nemmere motivationsmæssigt i regnvejr at løbe en hurtig tur end at lave meget stille gymnastik fx yoga, hvor det er svært at holde varmen. Slutteligt er det oplagt at træne et sted, hvor man har lyst til at være med en flot udsigt el.lign. Vejret, indholdet i træningen og selve uderummet er aspekter, som er væsentlige at have in mente i planlægning af træning i naturen.
Hvad kan man træne i naturen?
Det er kun fantasien, der sætter grænser. Det kan være en løbetur eller gåtur, om den er lang/kort, langsom/hurtig, alene/sammen med andre. Det kan være at køre et styrke-/pulsprogram, balancetræning, øve en idræt eller andre koordinationskrævende bevægelser ved stranden. Har man udstyr liggende i form af måtter, elastikker kan man medbringe dem eller benytte sig af alt det, som naturen kan byde på såsom sten, grene eller andet.
Andre bevægelsesformer der trender kalder sig for Natural Movement eller oversat: naturlig bevægelse. Det er en ikke helt afgrænset definition af forskellige bevægelsesformer der søger en meget alsidig træning af krop og sind. Her udfører man aktiviteter, hvor man “efterligner” menneskets naturlige bevægelser gennem leg eller andre discipliner af forskellig intensitet. F.eks. kan det være klatring i træer, kamplege og parkour lignende bevægelser i naturen.
Dette er det smarte ved træning i naturen, der er utallige muligheder og organisere man sin egen træning er det ganske gratis. Man kan helt selv tilpasse niveauet, intensiteten, belastning og formen af ens træning. Desuden kan det resultere i en række fordele både på det fysiologiske, psykologiske og sociale plan. Så er det ellers bare i træningstøjet og ud i det blå.
Kilder:
Carstensen, T. B.W., & Frostholm, L. (2021). Den biopsykosociale sundhedsmodel. I: Hundborg, S. (red) Sundhedspsykologi i Sygeplejen (s. 32-52). FADL’s Forlag.
Dansk Skoleidræt. (u.å). Naturlig Bevægelse (Natural Movement). Skoleidraet.dk https://skoleidraet.dk/idraetsfaget/omraader/inspiration-og-materialer/alsidig-idraetsudoevelse/kropsbasis/aktiviteter/naturlig-bevaegelse-natural-movement/
Høher-Larsen, M. (2016). Senmodernitet. Faktalink.dk https://faktalink.dk/titelliste/senmodernitet
Kehlet, J. (2021). Vi skal kunne måle naturens bidrag. Fysio.dk https://www.fysio.dk/fysioterapeuten/arkiv/nr.-3-2021/vi-skal-kunne-male-naturens-bidrag
Madsen, S. L., & Poulsen, V. D. (2022). Natur og sundhed i praksis. I: D. Poulsen, L. Madsen, T. Sørensen, P. Vibholm, O. Mygind & T. Maribo (Red.), Vi skal mere ud – Grønbog om naturen som ressource i sundhedsindsatser (side 49-53). Rehabiliteringsforum Danmark.
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